The Novel Three-Layer Electrode Based on Poly(Neutral Red) for Potentiometric Determination of Citrates

The three-layer electrode consisting of the inner, middle, and outer layers polythiophene (PTh), polyaniline (PANI), poly(neutral red) (PNR), respectively, was developed, characterized, tested as a potentiometric sensor for citrates. spectroscopic morphological findings based on Raman spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy, demonstrated consecutive formation individual polymeric derived from PTh, PANI, PNR in multilayer system. sharper narrower peak profiles case system revealed more organized structure than layer alone. such novel arrangement shows highest selectivity towards citrates among carboxylates. Simultaneously, unwanted influence underlying Pt surface is eliminated. characteristics proposed were examined at detection real-world samples, compared with results simple electrode, corresponded reference capillary electrophoresis literature-based spectrophotometric method.